behedite

NEGATIVES

- note, section numbers in Hoch appear following the '#' sign.

Click on the relevant item:
negation of verbs
negation of nouns
negations with nfr
negating the relative adjective nty with iwty
negating "explicatory" sentences

NEGATION OF VERBS

He did not hear / He was not heard. Negation of simple past tense.

Uses the Old Indicative Present Active and Passive

Negates past active tense sDm.f

Negates past passive tense sDm.tw.f

n rx.i = "I do not know" = "I have not learned".

He does not hear / He is not heard. Negation of simple present tense.

These are not Old Indicative forms

Negates present active tense sDm.f

present passive

Negates present passive tense sDm.tw.f

He will not hear / He will not be heard. Negation of simple future tense.

These are negated with nn.

Negates prospective active tense sDm.f

Negates prospective passive tense sDm.tw.f

He never heard / He will never hear / He was never heard / He will never be heard. Negation meaning "never, at no time".

These are negated with n sp.

Negates any active voice, tenst depends on context

Negates any passive voice, tense depends on context

May you not hear / You should not hear. Negation of wishes / exhortations.

These are negated with tm / imi in the prospective + the negated verb as a negatival complement ('-w'). See #165.

tm.f/imi.f sDmw

Adjective verbs only appear after imi.
Pronominal subjects follow the negative.
If the subject is a noun it follows the complement.
Diagram the negating verb with the prospective as its direct object, then the prospective leads its the clause in the 'V' slot on the next line.

in order that / so that he not hear. Negation of purpose clauses.

Negated with tm in the prospective + the negated verb as a negatival complement ('-w'). See #165.

Pronominal subjects follow the negative.
If the subject is a noun it follows the complement.
Diagram the negating verb with the prospective as its direct object, then the prospective leads its the clause in the 'V' slot on the next line.

that he not hear. Negation of Prospective Forms as Direct Objects of Verbs and Objects of Prepositions.

Negated with tm in the prospective + the negated verb as a negatival complement ('-w'). See #165.

Prosective forms may begin clauses that are direct objects of verbs of speech, perception, and causation(#75.1) and as object of prepositions(#75.2).

If he does not hear. Negation of Conditional Sentences.

Negated with tm in the prospective + the negated verb as a negatival complement ('-w'). See #165.

tm + 2nd tense sDm.f, also
tm + prospective sDm.f.
tm as a prospective form may appear in conditional clauses without ir.

You will not hear. Negation of Prospectives in Prohibitions

sDm.f w where sDm is in the prospective + the negated verb as a negatival complement ('-w'). See #165.

Old Egyptian mainly, very rare construction.

Do not hear. Negation of Imperatives

imi (spelled m + negatival complement ('-w'). (see #165).

NEGATION OF NON-VERBAL SENTENCES

He is not in the house Negation of simple non-verbal statement.

[m.k] nn + topic + preposition phrase (adjunct).

[m.k] nn + topic + adjunct. Example: [m.k] nn sw m pr
Unnegated Pattern: iw / m.k + topic + adjunct.
m.k may or may not be present.

There is no house Negation of existence.

nn wn + topic (adjunct).

nn wn + topic. Example: nn wn pr
Unnegated Pattern: iw / m.k + topic.

It is not a house Negation of fact.

n + topic + is. This is a negativized A pw sentence, sometimes without the pw.

n + topic + is. Example: n sA.i is
Unnegated Pattern: iw / m.k + topic + pw.

NEGATION OF NOUNS

Without a house Negation the noun but not its existence.

Example: nn Hmw.s. Without a rudder. Does not negate the existence of the rudder, just that the boat didn't have it right then.

Without doing Negation of an infinitive.

nn + infinitive.

Example: nn rdit. Without causing. Infinitives are primarily nouns, so this is really no different than the section above.

Prevention Negation of an infinitive.

tm + infinitive.

Example: tm rdit. Prevent from causing. Differentiate this from section #105 above.

NEGATIONS WITH nfr

nfr n = nfr + preposition n.

nfr n + (probably) an infinitive. It happens not to...

nfr is a zero-grade adjective.
n can be written with shrugged arms (D35) instead of water (N35), probably by attraction to the meaning of the phrase.

nfr is a zero-grade adjective.
nfr pw + infinitive = there is not even the... (it is empty of...)
nfr pw without infinitive = there are no... (there is an emptiness of...)

NEGATIONS OF THE RELATIVE ADJECTIVE nty with iwty

iwty + noun + subject
iwty + sDm.f
iwty + adverbial phrase
iwty n.f

which has no... / without a...
who does not hear
variable translations
one who has nothing

NEGATIONS OF THE "EXPLICATORY" SENTENCE

1) The subject doesn't do something and the speaker says why.
The verbal idea is negated. Circumstances are presented as being valid.

tm.f sDmw + adjunctival element
tm is a 2nd tense form
passives are formed with tm.n.tw.f sDmw

ACTION WAS NOT PERFORMED

2) All supposed circumstances are presented as invalid.
The connection between the verb and the circumstances is negated. The sDm.f or sDm.n.f are 2nd tense forms.

n sDm.f is present tense
n sDm.n.f is past tense

ACTION WAS PERFORMED

3) Some supposed circumstances are presented as invalid.
The connection between the 2nd tense verb and the circumstances is negated.

SOME ACTION WAS PERFORMED

4) Some or all supposed circumstances did not occur but the action was performed anyway.
The indicated circumstances do not exist. The verb is 2nd tense.

sDm.f + action + n sDm.f present tense

sDm.n.f + action + n sDm.n.f past tense

ACTION WAS PERFORMED DESPITE...

Recent changes:

2011
2010
2010
2010

Apr 17
Nov 26
Aug 22
Aug 16

Corrected several errors in section #184.
Added note for section #129, Negation of fact. Updated section #184.
Added menu at top of page.
Created this page.

Copyright © Bob Manske 2009 - 2012

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