monoliterals
Baby's footprint, Oriental Institute, Chicago
Baby's footprint, Oriental Institute, Chicago

Monoliteral signs represent one consonant. All of the consonants in the language are represented in this list. Learn the signs, the transliteration of the sound, and the Manuel de Codage (MdC) equivalent of the tranliteration symbol. You can pay less attention to the descriptions of the signs and the English equivalents which are only guides to transcribing Egyptian names into English.

The order these signs appear in is the order which Egyptologists use to "alphabetize" their dictionaries, vocabularies, and word lists. Learn it. This sequence was established by early Egyptologists before modern studies of the sounds of speech were initiated. As a result, the terms used on this page are not technically accurate, but are used to conveniently organize the signs into useful categories.


SEMIVOWELS
Hieroglyph:
Gardiner Code:
Transliteration:
MdC:
Explanation:
Equivalent:
Notes:
G1
G1
A
A
Egyptian vulture
a
M17
M17
i
i or j
Reed Feather
i
often omitted
M17 M17 or Z4
M17 M17 or Z4
y
y, i, or j
Double Reed Feather
y
D36
D36
a
a
Forearm
a
G43 or Z7
G43 or Z7
w
w
Chick
u
often omitted

LABIALS
Hieroglyph:
Gardiner Code:
Transliteration:
MdC:
Explanation:
Equivalent:
Notes:
D58
D58
b
b
Human foot
b
Q3
Q3
p
p
Stool
p
I9
I9
f
f
Egyptian viper
f

LIQUIDS
Hieroglyph:
Gardiner Code:
Transliteration:
MdC:
Explanation:
Equivalent:
Notes:
G17
G17
m
m
Owl
m
N35
N35
n
n
Water
n
D21
D21
r
r
Human mouth
r

BREATHINGS
Hieroglyph:
Gardiner Code:
Transliteration:
MdC:
Explanation:
Equivalent:
Notes:
O4
O4
h
h
Shelter in field
h
V28
V28
H
H
Twist of flax
h
Aa1
Aa1
x
x
Placenta? -- Maybe not
kh
ch as in Scottish "loch"
F32
F32
X
X
Animal's belly and udders?
kh
ch as in High German "ich"

SIBILANTS
Hieroglyph:
Gardiner Code:
Transliteration:
MdC:
Explanation:
Equivalent:
Notes:
O34
O34
z
z or s
Door bolt
z or s
often written for S29
S29
S29
s
s
Folded cloth
s
often written for O34
N35
N37
S
S
Pool of water
sh

GUTTERALS
Hieroglyph:
Gardiner Code:
Transliteration:
MdC:
Explanation:
Equivalent:
Notes:
N29
N29
q
q
Hillside
q
V31
V31
k
k
Basket with handle
k
sign often reversed
W11
W11
g
g
Stand for a jar
g
W12 is often used

DENTALS
Hieroglyph:
Gardiner Code:
Transliteration:
MdC:
Explanation:
Equivalent:
Notes:
X1
X1
t
t
bread loaf
t
later used for V13
V13
V13
T
T
Horse hobble
ch
later used for X1
D46
D46
d
d
Forearm
d
later used for I10
I10
I10
D
D
Snake
dj
later used for D46
Page last updated on 2009 May 29

Copyright © Bob Manske 2009 - 2011